Data Visualization

Charts, graphs, and dashboards are powerful ways to communicate data, but only if everyone can understand them. For users with visual, cognitive, or print disabilities, poorly designed visuals can present significant barriers. By designing accessibly from the start, we support inclusive learning, transparency, and equitable decision-making.

Whether you’re building a quick chart in Excel or an interactive dashboard in Tableau, accessible data visualization is achievable with a few thoughtful strategies.

Quick Wins for Accessible Charts & Graphs

  • Use descriptive titles that summarize the chart’s purpose
  • Choose high-contrast color palettes that do not rely on color alone
  • Add data labels and/or patterns to distinguish bars, lines, or slices
  • Provide alternative text or summaries for static charts
  • Avoid chart clutter: limit 3–5 key data points per chart when possible
  • Use legible fonts and sufficient font size (at least 12pt for web and slides)

General Tips for Accessible Data Visualization

  • Always describe the “so what” of the data—don’t assume the visualization speaks for itself.
  • Use surrounding text or captions to explain trends, comparisons, and anomalies.
  • For static charts in documents or presentations, use:
    • Alt text for simple visuals
    • Long descriptions or linked data tables for complex visuals
  • Use patterns, textures, or shapes to differentiate categories
  • Include legends and labels directly on charts
  • Use tools that support tab navigation and semantic markup
  • Label all elements clearly for assistive technology users
  • Link to a machine-readable version of the data (CSV, Excel, or HTML table)
  • Summarize the key findings in text near the chart or graph

 

Using Tableau Accessibly

UMBC encourages the responsible use of Tableau dashboards in academic and administrative work. The following practices help make your Tableau visualizations more inclusive:

  • Enable Accessible View: Provides tabular data and navigation for screen readers
  • Use keyboard navigation and test for focus order
  • Turn on tooltips to describe key values and add context
  • Use colorblind-friendly palettes (e.g., Tableau’s “Color Blind” option)
  • Avoid dual-axis charts unless essential; they are harder to interpret
  • Use the title and caption fields to describe what the user is seeing and why
  • Label axes, data points, filters, and legends
  • Use plain language and avoid abbreviations
  • Write clear titles (e.g., “Enrollment by Year and Gender” instead of “Chart 2”)
  • Use Tableau’s “Show Me” feature to generate a simplified table
  • Or link to a downloadable spreadsheet with the same data for screen reader users
  • Use Accessible View and screen reader simulations
  • Request feedback from others using different devices or assistive tech

 

Resources